Near-fall points or a fall may be earned when which of the following conditions are met?

Near-fall points or a fall can be earned in situations where the defensive wrestler's shoulders or scapulae are in bounds. This is essential because it indicates that the defensive wrestler is in a position that could potentially lead to a pin, while the offensive wrestler maintains control. The specific rule pertains to how the position of the shoulders or scapulae reflects the control a wrestler has over their opponent, allowing the match to progress toward a scoring opportunity.

In the context of the other options, the presence of both shoulders of the offensive wrestler out of bounds would mean they are not in a position to score, and similarly, having only one wrestler with supporting points in bounds doesn’t guarantee a near-fall situation. Moreover, if both wrestlers' supporting points are out of bounds, no scoring can occur, as the action is effectively halted when neither wrestler has control within the boundary. Thus, the correct answer embraces the fundamental requirement for scoring in wrestling, which revolves around the position of the defensive wrestler's shoulders or scapulae being in bounds relative to the control exerted by the offensive wrestler.